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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and ability to make use of relational affordances and the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their pragmatic choice to not criticize an uncompromising professor (see example 2). This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the practical core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test is a popular tool in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. For instance, the DCT is unable to account for the cultural and individual differences in communication. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and could result in overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to influence social variables related to politeness is a plus. This ability can be used to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most important instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to analyze many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the use of lexical terms. 프라그마틱 정품확인 can be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking. Recent research has used the DCT as tool to evaluate the ability to resist of EFL students. 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data. DCTs are typically developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further research on different methods of assessing refusal competence. In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used less hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data were examined to identify the participants' rational choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. In addition, the interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific situation. The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found employ euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target languages, which led to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms – and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders from different companies. Coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The coding results are then evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior. Interviews with Refusal The key issue in research on pragmatics is: why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question using several experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal variables such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors like relational benefits. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors facilitated an easier performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they might face if they flouted the local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their usefulness in particular situations and in various cultural contexts. This will help them better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to examine unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to assess. In 프라그마틱 정품확인 , the first step is to define the subject as well as the purpose of the study. This will allow you to identify which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to review the existing literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and put the issue in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses. Additionally, the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university, and were aiming to reach level 6 for their next test. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to use when making a demand. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and she therefore was reluctant to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would ask.